Itekhnoloji ye -reverse osmosis (RO) itshintshe indlela yokucocwa kwamanzi, inika indlela ethembekileyo yokufumana amanzi okusela acocekileyo kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Njengomntu ogxile kakhulu kuphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kweteknoloji yokunyanga amanzi, ndifumana imigaqo esekwe kwi-RO inomdla kwaye ibalulekile ukuyiqonda kuye nabani na ofuna ukuqonda ukusebenza kwayo.

Umgaqo wokuSebenza:

I-osmosis ye-reverse isebenza kumgaqo wokuvumela ngokukhetha iimolekyuli ze-solvent ukuba zidlule kwi-membrane e-semipermeable ngelixa isala ukungcola. Ngamagama alula, ahlula amanzi acocekileyo kwizinto ezingcolileyo ngokusebenzisa uxinzelelo lokunyanzelisa amanzi nge-membrane evimba iimolekyuli ezinkulu kunye ne-ion. Le nkqubo isusa kakuhle iityuwa ezinyityilisiweyo, iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane nezinye izinto eziyingozi, ishiya ngasemva amanzi acocwe alungele ukusetyenziswa.

I-membrane ye-RO, icandelo elibalulekileyo, liqukethe iipores ezincinci ezivumela iimolekyuli zamanzi ukuba zidlule ngelixa zibamba amasuntswana amakhulu. Olu khetho olukhethiweyo luqinisekisa ukuba amanzi acocekileyo kuphela anokungena kwi-membrane, ngelixa ukungcola kushiywe ngasemva kwaye kukhutshwe.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-RO Membrane:

Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-membrane ye-RO yinto ephambili ekumiseleni ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo ye-osmosis eguqukayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kulinganiswa ngepesenti yezinto ezingcolileyo ezisusiweyo kumanzi okutya, okwaziwa ngokuba ngumlinganiselo wokulahlwa.

Ii-membrane ze-RO ziqhayisa ngamazinga okususa achukumisayo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezingcolisayo, kubandakanya neetyuwa ezinyibilikisiweyo, isinyithi esinzima, kunye ne-organic compounds. Iimbrane ezikumgangatho ophezulu zinokufikelela kumazinga okulahlwa adlula i-99%, ziqinisekisa ukuba amanzi acociweyo ahlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yobulunga.

Nokuba kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba imveliso yomaleko we-RO inokuchaphazeleka zizinto ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngokuphucula umgangatho wamanzi, iimeko zokusebenza, kunye nobulumko bomaleko. Ukugcinwa nokubekwa esweni rhoqo kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobude bexesha lomaleko.

Iindidi ze-RO Membranes:

Ngoku sikhusele umthetho wokusebenza kunye nemveliso yeeleya ze-RO, masingene kwiindidi ezintathu ezibalulekileyo zeefilimu ze-RO ezidla ngokusetyenziswa kunyango lwamanzi:

1. IiMembranes zeCellulose Acetate (CA):

I-cellulose acetate membranes yayiphakathi kwezokuqala ukusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ze-RO zorhwebo. Ezi membrane azibizi kakhulu kwaye zinokuxhathisa okulungileyo ekungcoleni kwe-organic, zizenza zilungele ukunyanga amanzi esondlo anokungcolisa okuphantsi ukuya kophakathi. Nangona kunjalo, ii-membrane ze-CA zithande ukuthotywa xa zivezwe kwiklorini kwaye azisebenzi kangako ekwaleni ungcoliseko oluthile xa kuthelekiswa nezinto ezintsha zembrane.

2. Ii-Thin Film Composite (TFC) iiMembranes:

Iimbrane ezidityanisiweyo zefilimu ezinqabileyo zibonisa inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kwitekhnoloji ye-membrane ye-RO. Ezi membrane zibonisa umaleko obhityileyo wepolyamide phezu kwesixhobo senkxaso esinemingxuma, ebonelela ngamazinga aphezulu okulahlwa kunye nokuchasa okugqwesileyo ekungcoleni kunye nokonakaliswa kweekhemikhali. Iimbrane ze-TFC zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, kunye neenkqubo ze-RO zoshishino ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu kunye nokuqina.

3. IiMembranes zePolyamide Thin Film (PA):

Iimbrane zefilimu yePolyamide ezicekethekileyo ziyafana neenwebu ze-TFC kodwa zibonisa umaleko oshinyeneyo wepolyamide, ebonelela ngesakhono esiphuculweyo sokwala kwizinto eziqinileyo nezingcolisi. Iimbrane ze-PA zibonisa ukwaliwa kwetyuwa ephezulu kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo ze-membrane, zizenza zilungele usetyenziso olufuna amanzi acocekileyo, njengemveliso yamayeza kunye nokukhutshwa kwetyuwa.

Ukuqukumbela, itekhnoloji ye-osmosis ebuyela umva ixhomekeke kunxibelelwano oluntsonkothileyo lwe-membrane e-semipermeable kwaye ifake uxinzelelo lokuhambisa amanzi acocekileyo, acociweyo. Ukuqonda imigaqo yokusebenza kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeembrane ze-RO kubalulekile ekukhetheni isisombululo esifanelekileyo kwiimfuno ezithile zonyango lwamanzi.

Iingxelo:

I-American Water Works Association-Reverse Osmosis Membrane Technology

I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US-Reverse Osmosis

Umbutho woMgangatho waManzi-Reverse Osmosis Systems